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National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons (Spanish: ', CONADEP) was an Argentine organization created by President Raúl Alfonsín on 15 December 1983, shortly after his inauguration, to investigate the fate of the ''desaparecidos'' (victims of forced disappearance) and other human rights violations (see: Dirty War) performed during the military dictatorship known as the National Reorganization Process between 1976 and 1983. The research of the investigation commission was documented in the ''Nunca Más'' (Never Again) report, which was a complete summary published as an official report in Spanish, and delivered to Alfonsín on 20 September 1984, which opened the doors to the trial of the military juntas of the dictatorship. CONADEP recorded the forced disappearance of 8,961 persons from 1976 to 1983, although it noted that the actual number could be higher (estimates by human rights organizations usually place it at 30,000 persons). The report also stated that about 600 people were "disappeared" and 458 were assassinated (by death squads such as the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance) during the Peronist governments from 1973 to 1976.〔(L'ancienne présidente argentine Isabel Peron arrêtée à Madrid, à la demande de Buenos Aires ), ''Le Monde'', January 13, 2007 .〕〔Argenpress, 10 April 2006. (''Represión en Argentina y memoria larga'' ).〕 ==History of the disappearances== Military intervention in the political sphere was common in Argentina since the 1930s. Torture and violence were used as mechanisms to control political conflicts or to deter the actions of opposition. But, the implementation of forced disappearances began to be prevalent following the 1976 Argentine coup d'état, displaying a determination to eliminate opposition with a more hidden method. The dictators denied any involvement in the disappearances and used “Centros Clandestinos de Detención” (Clandestine Detention Centers) to place the “disappeared”. They were similar to the prisons of Argentina in regards to condition and structure but the detention centers could deny if a captive was being retained there. This gave the captors more freedom for torture or to kill the captives. Most disappeared people were eventually murdered and their bodies were either buried in unmarked graves, incinerated or disposed into the sea.〔Sikkink, K. (2008) From pariah state to global protagonist: Argentina and the struggle for international human rights. ''Latin American Politics and Society''. Retrieved April 19, 2011 from ProQuest database.〕 These hidden methods kept the Argentine government from being susceptible to international scrutiny and allowed the murder and torture of anyone without someone having to be held accountable to explain for the actions. Relatives of the “disappeared” for many years following the abductions demanded solely for truth about the fate of the “disappeared”. Over 5,000 reports were filed from Argentina to the La Asamblea Permanente por los Derechos Humanos (Permanent Assembly for Human Rights, APDH) and thousands of complaints were submitted to the Organization of American States, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), the International Committee of the Red Cross, the UN Human Rights Division, Amnesty International and organizations with various religious affiliations. These reports promoted visits from both Amnesty International and IACHR, but the dictatorship succeeded in denying the charges until the Falklands War in June 1982 and Argentina’s defeat. Following this defeat, widespread coverage of the charges against the Argentine dictatorship spread through the press causing civil society organizations to demand that the parties responsible for the disappearances be brought forth and charged. A popular slogan used by these organizations was “juicio y castigo a los culpable” (trial and punishment for the perpetrators). In April 1983, the dictatorship published the “Final Document of the Military Junta on the War against Subversion” in which the military argues that the acts that they committed were under the orders of the current president, Isabel Perón, in which he ordered to “annihilate subversion”. In September 1983, the regime then passed the “National Pacification Act” that granted impunity to the state by saying that all the action that was a result of the “antisubversive war” was then “extinguished”. This act prompted human rights organizations to demand that a commission would be formed by the government with the task of investigating state “terrorism”. The demands also included that the commission would include members from the House and the Congress and be advised by the human rights community.〔http://ijtj.oxfordjournals.org/content/2/2/173.full.pdf+html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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